Musculature


 
 

Muscle Origin Insertion Action
1. spinotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and clavotrapezius (trapezius) Occipital bone, spines of C7 and all T  vertebrae spine and acromion of scapula  Extends head; elevates, depresses, rotates and retracts scapula
2. latissimus dorsi lower vertebrae, iliac crest  intertubercular groove of humerus Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
3. serratus anterior upper 8 ribs anterior aspect of medial border of scapula Protracts and rotates scapula
4. rhomboideus spinous process of C1-T5 medial border of scapula Retracts and rotates scapula
5. pectoralis major clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages greater tubercle of humerus Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm
6. pectoralis minor ribs 3,4,5 coracoid process of scapula  Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
7. acromiodeltoideus, spinodeltoideus and clavodeltoideus (deltoids) clavicle, acromion and scapular spine deltoid tuberosity of humerus abducts arm
8. supraspinatus supraspinous fossa of scapula greater tubercle of the humerus abducts and stabilizes humerus
9. infraspinatus infraspinous fossa greater tubercle of the humerus lateral rotation of humerus
10. triceps brachii axillary border of scapula, posterior humerus  olecranon process of the ulna extends forearm, stabilizes shoulder
11. biceps brachii coracoid process, intertubercular groove of the humerus  radial tuberosity flexes arm and forearm, supinates hand
12. brachialis distal anterior humerus  coronoid process of  ulna flexes forearm
13. flexor carpi ulnaris medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process base of 5th metacarpal,  pisiform and hamate flexes wrist, adducts hand
14. palmaris longus medial epicondyle of humerus palmar aponeurosis flexes wrist
15. flexor carpi radialis medial epicondyle of humerus base of 2nd and 3d metacarpals flexes wrist, abducts hand
16. pronator teres medial epicondyle of humerus  lateral radius pronates and flexes forearm
17. brachioradialis distal humerus styloid process of radius flexes forearm
18. extensor carpi radialis lateral epicondyle of humerus metacarpals II and III extends and abducts wrist
19. extensor digitorum communis lateral epicondyle of the humerus posterior surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Extends fingers and wrist, abbucts fingers
20. extensor digitorum minimi -- -- extends 5th digit
21. extensor carpi ulnaris lateral epicondyle of humerus metacarpal V extends and adducts wrist
22. masseter zygomatic arch angle and ramus of mandible elevates mandible
23. mylohyoideus mandible Hyoid elevates hyoid
24. digastricus mandible and mastoid process hyoid bone elevates hyoid and depress mandible (open mouth)
25. sternohyoideus manubrium and clavicle hyoid bone depresses hyoid and larynx
26. sternomastoideus manubrium, clavicle  mastoid process singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head
27. external oblique lower 8 ribs iliac crest and linea alba flexion and rotation at waist
28. internal oblique lumbodorsal fascia lower 4 ribs flexion and rotation at waist
29. transverse abdominis iliac crest, cartilages of lowest ribs linea alba and pubic crest compresses abdominal wall
30. rectus abdominis pubic crest and pubic symphysis ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process flexion at waist
31. tensor fascia latae  iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine iliotibial tract flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh
32. gluteus medius ilium greater trochanter of the femur abduction and medial rotation of thigh
33. gluteus maximus ilium, sacrum, coccyx iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur extension and lateral rotation of thigh
34. sartorius anterior superior  iliac spine tibia flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes lower leg
35. gracilis pubis medial tibia adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
36. adductor femoris  ischium and pubis linea aspera of femur adducts, flexes and laterally rotates thigh
37. biceps femoris ischial tuberosity and femur tibia and fibula extends thigh and flexes lower leg
38. semitendinosus ischial tuberosity medial aspect of proximal tibia extends thigh, flexes lower leg
39. semimembranosus ischial tuberosity medial condyle of tibia extends thigh, flexes lower leg
40. vastus lateralis linea aspera patella and tibial tuberosity extends lower leg, stabilizes knee
41. vastus medialis linea aspera patella and tibial tuberosity extends lower leg
42. vastus intermedius proximal femur patella and tibial tuberosity extends lower leg
43. rectus femoris anterior inferior iliac spine patella and tibial tuberosity extends knee, flexes thigh
44. gastrocnemius medial and lateral condyles of femur via achilles tendon onto calcaneal tendon flexes lower leg, plantarflexes foot
45. tibialis anterior lateral condyle and tibial shaft first cuneiform and first metatarsals dorsiflexes and inverts foot
46. soleus head of fibula and tibia calcaneal tendon onto calcaneus plantarflexes foot
47. fibularis longus head of fibula first metatarsal  plantar flexion
48. extensor digitorum longus posterior tibia distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle