Musculature

 
 

	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
1.	spinotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and clavotrapezius (trapezius)	Occipital bone, spines of C7 and all T  vertebrae	spine and acromion of scapula	Extends head; elevates, depresses, rotates and retracts scapula
2.	latissimus dorsi	lower vertebrae, iliac crest	intertubercular groove of humerus	Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
3.	serratus anterior	upper 8 ribs	anterior aspect of medial border of scapula	Protracts and rotates scapula
4.	rhomboideus	spinous process of C1-T5	medial border of scapula	Retracts and rotates scapula
5.	pectoralis major	clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages	greater tubercle of humerus	Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm
6.	pectoralis minor	ribs 3,4,5	coracoid process of scapula	Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
7.	acromiodeltoideus, spinodeltoideus and clavodeltoideus (deltoids)	clavicle, acromion and scapular spine	deltoid tuberosity of humerus	abducts arm
8.	supraspinatus	supraspinous fossa of scapula	greater tubercle of the humerus	abducts and stabilizes humerus
9.	infraspinatus	infraspinous fossa	greater tubercle of the humerus	lateral rotation of humerus
10.	triceps brachii	axillary border of scapula, posterior humerus	olecranon process of the ulna	extends forearm, stabilizes shoulder
11.	biceps brachii	coracoid process, intertubercular groove of the humerus	radial tuberosity	flexes arm and forearm, supinates hand
12.	brachialis	distal anterior humerus	coronoid process of  ulna	flexes forearm
13.	flexor carpi ulnaris	medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process	base of 5th metacarpal,  pisiform and hamate	flexes wrist, adducts hand
14.	palmaris longus	medial epicondyle of humerus	palmar aponeurosis	flexes wrist
15.	flexor carpi radialis	medial epicondyle of humerus	base of 2nd and 3d metacarpals	flexes wrist, abducts hand
16.	pronator teres	medial epicondyle of humerus	lateral radius	pronates and flexes forearm
17.	brachioradialis	distal humerus	styloid process of radius	flexes forearm
18.	extensor carpi radialis	lateral epicondyle of humerus	metacarpals II and III	extends and abducts wrist
19.	extensor digitorum communis	lateral epicondyle of the humerus	posterior surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5	Extends fingers and wrist, abbucts fingers
20.	extensor digitorum minimi	--	--	extends 5th digit
21.	extensor carpi ulnaris	lateral epicondyle of humerus	metacarpal V	extends and adducts wrist
22.	masseter	zygomatic arch	angle and ramus of mandible	elevates mandible
23.	mylohyoideus	mandible	Hyoid	elevates hyoid
24.	digastricus	mandible and mastoid process	hyoid bone	elevates hyoid and depress mandible (open mouth)
25.	sternohyoideus	manubrium and clavicle	hyoid bone	depresses hyoid and larynx
26.	sternomastoideus	manubrium, clavicle	mastoid process	singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head
27.	external oblique	lower 8 ribs	iliac crest and linea alba	flexion and rotation at waist
28.	internal oblique	lumbodorsal fascia	lower 4 ribs	flexion and rotation at waist
29.	transverse abdominis	iliac crest, cartilages of lowest ribs	linea alba and pubic crest	compresses abdominal wall
30.	rectus abdominis	pubic crest and pubic symphysis	ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process	flexion at waist
31.	tensor fascia latae	iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine	iliotibial tract	flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh
32.	gluteus medius	ilium	greater trochanter of the femur	abduction and medial rotation of thigh
33.	gluteus maximus	ilium, sacrum, coccyx	iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur	extension and lateral rotation of thigh
34.	sartorius	anterior superior  iliac spine	tibia	flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes lower leg
35.	gracilis	pubis	medial tibia	adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
36.	adductor femoris	ischium and pubis	linea aspera of femur	adducts, flexes and laterally rotates thigh
37.	biceps femoris	ischial tuberosity and femur	tibia and fibula	extends thigh and flexes lower leg
38.	semitendinosus	ischial tuberosity	medial aspect of proximal tibia	extends thigh, flexes lower leg
39.	semimembranosus	ischial tuberosity	medial condyle of tibia	extends thigh, flexes lower leg
40.	vastus lateralis	linea aspera	patella and tibial tuberosity	extends lower leg, stabilizes knee
41.	vastus medialis	linea aspera	patella and tibial tuberosity	extends lower leg
42.	vastus intermedius	proximal femur	patella and tibial tuberosity	extends lower leg
43.	rectus femoris	anterior inferior iliac spine	patella and tibial tuberosity	extends knee, flexes thigh
44.	gastrocnemius	medial and lateral condyles of femur	via achilles tendon onto calcaneal tendon	flexes lower leg, plantarflexes foot
45.	tibialis anterior	lateral condyle and tibial shaft	first cuneiform and first metatarsals	dorsiflexes and inverts foot
46.	soleus	head of fibula and tibia	calcaneal tendon onto calcaneus	plantarflexes foot
47.	fibularis longus	head of fibula	first metatarsal	plantar flexion
48.	extensor digitorum longus	posterior tibia	distal phalanges of toes 2-5	Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle